Non-noticeable information embedding in color images: marking and detection

One of the problems arising from the use of digital media is the ease of obtaining identical copies of digital images or audio files, allowing manipulation and unauthorized use. Copyright is an effective tool for preserving intellectual property of those documents but authors and publishers need effective techniques preventing copyright modification, due to the straightforward access to multimedia applications and the wider use of digital publications through the WWW. These techniques are generally called watermarking and allow the introduction of side information (i.e. author identification, copyrights, dates, etc.). This work concentrates on the problem of watermarking embedding and optimum detection in color images through the use of spread spectrum techniques, both in space (direct sequence spread spectrum or DSSS) and frequency (frequency hopping). It is applied to RGB and opponent color component representations. Perceptive information is considered in both color systems. Some tests are performed in order to ensure imperceptibility and to assess detection quality of the optimum color detectors.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Nivel de estrés como factor de riesgo para trastorno disfórico premenstrual en las estudiantes de medicina

Demostrar si el estrés es un factor de riesgo para el trastorno disfórico premenstrual en las estudiantes de medicina. Material y métodos: Se encuestó a 388 estudiantes de medicina que cursen entre el I y XIV ciclo académico en la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego. Se realizó esta investigación con diseño observacional, transversal, analítico. Se usó la prueba estadística chi cuadrado y modelo logístico para verificar la significancia estadística de las asociaciones, fueron consideradas significativas si el valor de p < 0.05. Se obtuvo el OR para el estrés en cuanto a su asociación con el trastorno disfórico premenstrual, se hizo el cálculo del intervalo de confianza al 95% tanto para el estrés como para las variables intervinientes. Resultados: El nivel alto de estrés en las estudiantes con TDPM fue 71,1% y el nivel bajo de estrés fue 28,9%. La prevalencia del nivel alto de estrés en estudiantes de medicina sin TDPM fue 60,8% y el nivel bajo de estrés sin TDPM fue 39,2%. El análisis de las variables de este estudio mostró que si existe relación entre el nivel de estrés como factor de riesgo para el TDPM con un valor de p < 0,05. Se encontró que el nivel de estrés es un factor de riesgo para TDPM (p=0,047; OR=1,594) y la edad es una variable interviniente como factor protector para el TDPM (p=0,017; OR = 0,927). Conclusiones: el nivel alto de estrés presente en la formación médica es un factor de riesgo para trastorno disfórico premenstrual por lo que es importante la prevención y conocimiento de dicho trastorno.To demonstrate whether stress is a risk factor for premenstrual dysphoric disorder in medical students. Material and methods: 388 medical students enrolled between the I and XIV academic cycle at the Antenor Orrego Private University were surveyed. This research was carried out with an observational, cross-sectional, analytical design. The chi square statistical test and the logistic model were used to verify the statistical significance of the associations, they were considered significant if the value of p < 0.05. The OR was obtained for stress in terms of its association with premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and the 95% confidence interval was calculated for both stress and the intervening variables. Results: The high level of stress in the students with PMDD was 71.1% and the low level of stress was 28.9%. The prevalence of high stress level in medical students without PMDD was 60.8% and low stress level without PMDD was 39.2%. The analysis of the variables of this study showed that there is a relationship between the level of stress as a risk factor for PMDD with a value of p < 0.05. It was found that stress level is a risk factor for PMDD (p=0.047; OR=1.594) and age is an intervening variable as a protective factor for PMDD (p=0.017; OR=0.927). Conclusions: the high level of stress present in medical training is a risk factor for premenstrual dysphoric disorder, which is why prevention and knowledge of said disorder is importantTesi

Propuesta de un Sistema de control interno – Área de almacén para mejorar la rentabilidad – Empresa Marín Agro E.I.R.L., Guadalupe 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general Diseñar una Propuesta de un Sistema de Control Interno en el Área de Almacén para Mejorar la Rentabilidad de la Empresa Marín Agro E.I.R.L., Guadalupe 2021. El tipo de investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo en forma aplicada y un diseño descriptivo – propositivo. Se empleó como técnica la entrevista y el análisis documental a los Estados Financieros de los periodos 2019 y 2020. Los resultados obtenidos por parte del Gerente General fueron: no tiene un Organigrama estructurado, falta de Mof en el área de almacén; no cuenta con un cronograma de capacitaciones para el personal. Con respecto al jefe de almacén se obtuvo: falta de un flujograma y formatos de Notas que sustenten el ingreso y/o salida de mercadería de almacén; no hace uso de formatos para realizar inventarios físicos y no aplican el Kardex para tener un control más eficiente de los productos en el área de almacén. Concluyendo que la empresa no utiliza documentos formales para su buen funcionamiento, por ello se elaboró la propuesta en donde incluye formatos para corregir las deficiencias encontradas en la presente investigación y así mejorar la rentabilidad de la Empresa Marín Agro E.I.R.L

Plan de intervención fisioterápico en un paciente con una fractura del maléolo tibial y fisura del maléolo peroneo. A propósito de un caso

Introducción: Las fracturas de tobillo son el traumatismo más frecuente en la práctica de traumatología y cirugía, frecuentándose a todas edades y especialmente durante la práctica deportiva. Suelen producirse por una torsión. Debido a futuras complicaciones que puede sufrir el paciente, alguna muy importante como la alteración de la marcha, es muy importante realizar un buen tratamiento fisioterápico para evitarlas, que puede ir o no precedido de un tratamiento quirúrgico.Objetivo: Describir el caso clínico de un paciente con una fractura del maléolo tibial y fisura del maléolo peroneo y diseñar un plan de intervención fisioterápico orientado a recuperar el estado previo a la lesión.Metodología: Diseño de caso clínico (AB), tipo descriptivo intrasujeto (n=1), longitudinal y prospectivo de un paciente con una fractura del maléolo tibial y fisura del maléolo peroneo. El estudio consiste en un plan de intervención donde se realiza una valoración pre-tratamiento y otra post-tratamiento donde se analiza la intensidad del dolor, la postura estática y dinámica, la amplitud articular, el balance muscular, el edema y la cicatriz, además de test específicos para completar la valoración. Una vez se lleva a cabo la valoración y se establece un diagnóstico fisioterápico, se proponen unos objetivos y un plan de intervención fisioterápico. Desarrollo: El plan de intervención dura 10 semanas, divididas en 4 fases según el estadío en el que se encuentra el paciente. En la valoración post-tratamiento, se evidencia una mejora en todas las variables que se han estudiado.Conclusión: El plan de intervención fisioterápico en este paciente se muestra efectivo tanto para la recuperación funcional de su tobillo como para el estado de su cicatriz.<br /

Differences in Myofascial Trigger Points and Algometry in Craniocervical Muscles among Children with and without Headache: A Comparative Study

Background: Headache is the most frequent neurological symptoms in children. The relationship between craniocervical muscles and headache has been studied in adults, however, studies in children are limited. Objectives: The present study aimed to examine and compare the presence of active and latent myofascial triggers points in head, neck, and shoulder muscles and pain pressure thresholds in children with headache and healthy controls. Methods: A comparative study with non experimental design was conducted. A total of 126 participants between 3 and 16-years-old were recruited. Subjects were divided into two groups: Children with headaches (who had suffered it in the last three months) and children without a headache. Anthropometric data, presence and number of latent or active myofascial trigger points, and pressure pain threshold in craniocervical muscles were compared between both groups. Results: A total of 19 symptomatic and 107 asymptomatic children were studied. The present study evidenced significant differences in the symptomatic group for the presence of both active and latent myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, suboccipital, and splenium muscles. No significant differences in the presence of myofascial trigger points in masseter and temporalis muscles were found. No statistically significant differences were found in algometry data between both groups. Conclusion: Despite the fact that pressure pain threshold did not present any differences between both groups, children with headache presented a greater number of active or latent myofascial trigger points in craniocervical muscles

The effectiveness of Schroth method in Cobb angle, quality of life and trunk rotation angle in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Schroth method is one of the most common physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises intervention applied in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This method consists of three-dimensional correction of the specific curve pattern of the patient using a combination of sensorimotor, postural, and corrective breathing exercises. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyse the effects of the Schroth method in isolation on Cobb angle, quality of life, and trunk rotation angle compared to no intervention or other conservative treatments in patients with AIS

Systematic review and meta-analysis showed that complementary and alternative medicines were not effective for infantile colic

Aim: Osteopathy and chiropractic techniques are used for babies for different rea-sons, but it is unclear how effective they are. The aim of this study was to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing crying time and increasing sleeping time in babies with infantile colic.Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on infantile colic studies that used complementary and alternative medicine techniques as interven-tions. The outcome measures were hours spent crying and/or sleeping. We used the PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Osteopathic Medicine Digital Database and Google Scholar data-bases from inception to 11 November 2022.Results: The methodological quality of the randomised control trials ranged from fair to high. We focused on five studies with 422 babies. Complementary treatments failed to decrease the crying time (mean difference −1.08, 95% CI: −2.17 to 0.01, I2= 92%) and to increase sleeping time (mean difference 1.11, 95% CI: −0.20 to 2.41; I2: 91%), compared with no intervention. The quality of the evidence was rated as very low for both outcome measures.Conclusion: Osteopathy and chiropractic treatment failed to reduce the crying time and increase sleeping time in babies with infantile colic, compared with no additional intervention

NONLINEAR CONTROL ON THE BOUNDARY OF CUBIC CRYSTALS

sing monotone maximal operators Theory and the Minty-Browder theorem, we prove the existence of global solution to the elastic-dynamic system on cubic crystals, which is given a nonlinear control f. Also, using multiplicative techniques, results of R. Dautry. - J. L. Lions, integral inequalities, Russel' Principie, the W. Liu method, and adapting the F. Conrad and B. Rao method in the calculation of the estimates, we show that the energy associated to the system decays to zero when t → +∞

Clinical and psychological variables in female patients with cervical syndromes: A cross-sectional and correlational study

Producción CientíficaBackground: The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare the pain intensity, cervical range of motion (ROM), psychological distress and kinesiophobia in patients with cervicogenic dizziness (CGD), tension-type headache (TTH), and mechanical chronic neck pain (MCNP); and (2) to investigate the relationships between pain intensity and cervical ROM and between psychological distress and kinesiophobia. Methods: a cross-sectional and correlational study was designed. In total, 109 patients (32 patients with CGD, 33 with TTH and 44 with MCNP) were included. Pain intensity, cervical ROM, psychological distress and kinesiophobia were assessed. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in pain intensity, psychological distress and kinesiophobia. The patients with MCNP showed higher pain intensity compared to the other groups (p 0.05). The CGD and MCNP groups found a moderate positive correlation between psychological distress and kinesiophobia (p < 0.05). The patients with TTH and MCNP showed a moderate positive correlation between pain intensity, psychological distress and kinesiophobia (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Pain intensity, psychological distress and kinesiophobia should be considered in the three groups. Psychological distress was correlated with kinesiophobia in the CGD and MCNP groups. The MCNP group showed a correlation between pain intensity, psychological distress and kinesiophobia

Planeamiento estratégico de la región Callao

La región Callao posee una ubicación privilegiada y estratégica dentro del Perú y en la costa del Pacífico Sur, y es por ello que su puerto marítimo posee el potencial para guiar el crecimiento económico de la región. Adicionalmente, tiene al principal aeropuerto internacional del país, lo cual favorece el comercio exterior y el tránsito de turistas, representando una gran oportunidad para impulsar el crecimiento y desarrollo de la región. Los sectores servicios, comercio y manufactura tienen un desarrollo por encima del promedio en el país; sin embargo, hay mucho que mejorar para alcanzar estándares mundiales que les permitan ser competitivos de manera global y para que puedan, mediante sus industrias, lograr mejores márgenes de rentabilidad. Por lo tanto, las autoridades regionales tienen la gran oportunidad de aprovechar este potencial e implementar estrategias efectivas que mejoren los niveles de productividad, salud, educación, seguridad y empleo en la región. El planeamiento estratégico para la región Callao que propone el presente documento posee una visión al año 2027, y tiene como fin desarrollar los sectores de manufactura, comercio, construcción y servicios, así como el turismo, para así lograr mejores indicadores de empleo, seguridad y salud en la región, además de permitir a la población alcanzar mejores niveles de calidad de vida. Todo esto será también posible con el desarrollo del puerto y aeropuerto, los cuales ya tienen proyectos de mejoras en ejecución, pero aún con tareas pendientes para lograr mayor competitividad a nivel mundial. El presente plan se ha elaborado a partir del modelo secuencial del proceso estratégico según D’Alessio (2015), utilizando las diversas herramientas propuestas por el modelo, lo que permitió establecer tanto estrategias como objetivos de largo plazo que pueden ser monitoreados mediante objetivos de corto plazo y así poder evaluar periódicamente el logro de los mismos.The Callao Region has a privileged and strategic location within Peru and on the South Pacific coast and that is why the maritime port of Callao has great potential to guide the economic growth of the region. Additionally, it has the main international airport of the country, which favors foreign trade and the transit of tourists, which represents a great opportunity to promote tourism in Callao. In the services, commerce and manufacturing sectors, it has a development above the average in the country, however there is much to improve to reach the ideal levels to be international competitive and achieve better profitability margins. Therefore, the regional authorities have the great opportunity to take advantage of this potential and implement effective strategies that improve the levels of productivity, health, education, security and employment in the region. The Strategic Planning for the Callao Region, proposed in this document, has a vision to the year 2027 and aims to develop the sectors of manufacturing, commerce, construction and services such as tourism to achieve better employment indicators, security and health within the region that allows the population to achieve better quality of life indexes. All this will also be possible with the development of the port and airport, which already have projects for improvements in execution but still with pending tasks to achieve greater competitiveness worldwide. The present plan has been developed from the Sequential Model of the Strategic Process according to Professor Fernando D'Alessio, using the tools proposed by the model, which allowed to establish both strategies and long-term objectives that can be monitored by shortterm objectives and in this way be able to periodically evaluate the achievement of them.Tesi